In this paper, we introduce and study some new classes of multivalent (p-valent) meromorphically starlike functions involving Higher-Order derivatives. For these multivalent classes of functions, we derive several interesting properties including sharp coefficient bounds, neighborhoods, partial sums and inclusion relationships. For validity of our results relevant connections with those in earlier works are also pointed out.

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on DMI, lactation performance, serum mineral and metabolites concentrations, liver enzymes and liver functionality index (LFI), serum insulin and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI). Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 days in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets where BP substituted for either BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP) or CS and BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d) and BCB (17.50 kg/d) cows, but it was lesser in BB (15.60 kg/d) cows. Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d) compared to CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows. Relative to CO, cows fed BB had lower serum glucose concentrations, whereas cows fed BC and BCB had higher serum glucose. Serum insulin concentrations were lower for BB cows than for other exprimental groups. Relative to CO, serum NEFA and BHB concentrations were lower for BC and BCB, but was similar between BB and CO. The RQUICKI was lower for CO, BC cows than BB cows, and cows in BCB tended to have less RQUICKI compared to BB during postpartum. The concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase were lower in BC and BCB cows relative to CO and BB cows. The cows fed CO and BB had higher serum bilirubin relative to cows fed BC and BCB diets. Although, LFI for CO cows was similar to cows on BB, BC and BCB, BC cows had higher LFI than BB cows and tended to have greater LFI than CO cows. Overall, reducing dietary starch by replacing CS (BC) or a mix of CS and BG (BCB) with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield and indicated improved energy metabolism and liver function during the first 21 d of lactation compared to when BP was fed instead of BG to reduce starch (BB).

In order to predict the behavior of soil-related phenomena, it is necessary to have knowledge about unsaturated flow and using models that provide optimal estimates of the retention curve and hydraulic conductivity of soils. Despite the widespread use of the classic van Genuchten-Mualem model (VGM), this model usually performs poorly in predicting hydraulic conductivity and modification of some of its parameters seems necessary. In this research, 283 soils from different textures of the UNSODA bank were selected and divided into two sections of calibration and validation and their soil parameters were exported and categorized. Then, by defining the modified unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksc) instead of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and determining the limits for l and n parameters, the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function of VGM were solved using 24600 pairs of points li and nj for each soil of the three main soil texture classes. In the following, the optimal l value (l̂) of each texture class was selected based on the minimum value of the hydraulic conductivity estimation error using the root mean square error (RMSE) index and the n values that had created the minimum errors, were selected as the optimal pore size distribution coefficients of the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function (n̂opt). In order to create pedotransfer functions for estimating n̂opt, we ran stepwise regression in MATLAB software considering the condition of statistical significance (P-value=0.05) for independent variables and functions for each soil texture class. After creating pedotransfer functions, the results of the proposed method of this research (MVGM) were compared with the VGM results using RMSE and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) indices. The results showed that in both sections of creation and validation functions, the MVGM performed better in estimating hydraulic conductivity and had a higher efficiency index in all textural classes of soil.